The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on blood pressure parameters and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders. Beyond typical gastrointestinal manifestations, increasing attention is being paid to the potential extraesophageal effects of gastroesophageal reflux disease, particularly its possible impact on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and summarize data from original studies on the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on blood pressure parameters and cardiovascular risk in adult patients.

Materials and Methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases for the period from 2015 to 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised original studies (cohort, cross-sectional, case-control) conducted in adult populations that analyzed the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and arterial hypertension or clinically significant cardiovascular events. A total of 15 studies were included in the final analysis.

Results. The analysis demonstrated a consistent association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and an increased risk of arterial hypertension (OR = 1.43–1.52). Mendelian randomization data confirmed the causal nature of this relationship. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was also associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (HR = 1.48–1.70), coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. Antisecretory therapy and surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease contributed to improved blood pressure control.

Conclusion. The findings indicate the clinical significance of the association between gastroesophageal reflux and arterial hypertension as well as cardiovascular events. Effective management of gastroesophageal reflux may contribute to improved blood pressure control and reduced cardiovascular risk.

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