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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2616-633X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.2.2339</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emcardio-8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры и лекции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews and lectures</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска первичной дисфункции трансплантата сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for primary heart transplant dysfunction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валентюкевич</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valentsiukevic</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мищанчук</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishchanchuk</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трошина</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troshyna</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роговский</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rahouski</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушева</surname><given-names>У. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakusheva</surname><given-names>U. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супоненко</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponenko</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григоренко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митьковская</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitkovskaya</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitkovskaya1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»; УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology; Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>2339–2347</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Валентюкевич А.В., Мищанчук Е.А., Трошина А.М., Роговский Е.А., Якушева У.Г., Супоненко З.С., Григоренко Е.А., Митьковская Н.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Валентюкевич А.В., Мищанчук Е.А., Трошина А.М., Роговский Е.А., Якушева У.Г., Супоненко З.С., Григоренко Е.А., Митьковская Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Valentsiukevic A.V., Mishchanchuk Y.A., Troshyna A.M., Rahouski Y.A., Yakusheva U.G., Suponenko Z.S., Grigorenko E.A., Mitkovskaya N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/8">https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/8</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантация сердца является лечением выбора при выявлении объективных признаков тяжелой хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН), рефрактерной к медикаментозной терапии, и отсутствии возможности выполнения хирургических реконструктивных вмешательств из-за крайне высокого риска их неблагоприятного исхода. В Республике Беларусь трансплантация сердца выполняется с 2009 года, к концу 2024 года проведено около 600 таких операций. Ежегодно во всем мире число выполняемых операций увеличивается [1, 2].За последнее десятилетие развитие высокотехнологичной медицинской помощи привело к улучшению показателей выживаемости пациентов с терминальной стадией ХСН после выполнения ортотопической трансплантации сердца (ОТС). На текущий момент годовая выживаемость реципиентов трансплантата сердца в мире составляет 90%, пятилетняя – 75% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>].Среди основных причин смерти пациентов в раннем периоде после ОТС выделяют острое клеточное и гуморальное отторжение, инфекционные и хирургические факторы, однако ведущим предиктором летального исхода является первичная дисфункция трансплантата (ПДТ). На сегодняшний день госпитальная летальность пациентов после ОТС, осложненной ПДТ, остается крайне высокой и составляет около 30%. Частота развития первичной дисфункции трансплантата по литературным данным колеблется от 2,3% до 28,2%. Представленный широкий диапазон встречаемости ПДТ обусловлен отсутствием унифицированных критериев постановки диагноза и различными подходами к диагностике данного осложнения в различных трансплантационных центрах [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>].В обзорной статье изложены критерии постановки диагноза первичной дисфункции трансплантата, представлены основные факторы риска развития данного осложнения, его классификация, а также некоторые результаты собственных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice in case of identifying objective signs of severe chronic heart failure (CHF), refractory to drug therapy, inability to perform surgical reconstructive interventions due to their extremely high risk. Heart transplantations have been performed in the Republic of Belarus since 2009 and by the beginning of 2023, more than 500 such operations have been performed. The number of operations performed in the world is growing every year [1, 2].The progress of high-tech medical care has improved survival after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) provided to patients with end-stage CHF over the past decade. Nowadays, the annual survival rate in the world is 90%, the five-year survival rate is equal to 75% [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>].Acute cellular and humoral rejection, infectious and surgical factors are the main causes of death among patients in the early period after OHT, but primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading predictor of death. Nowadays, the hospital mortality of patients after OHT complicated by PGD stays extremely high and averages 30%. The frequency of primary graft dysfunction according to literature data ranges from 2.3% to 28.2%. Such a wide range of occurrence of this complication appears because of different approaches to diagnosis and criteria for diagnosis in various transplant centers [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>].The review article presents the criteria for the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction, the classification of this condition and describes the main risk factors for the development of primary graft dysfunction on the part of both the donor and the recipient. Some results of our own research are presented in this article.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ортотопическая трансплантация сердца</kwd><kwd>первичная дисфункция трансплантата</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart transplantation</kwd><kwd>primary graft dysfunction</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiridonov S.V., Tretyakov D.S., Bulavskaya P.E. et al. The results of heart transplantation depending on the severity of the left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy of the donor heart. Emergency cardiology and cardiovascular risks, 2021, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1329-1337. doi: 10.51922/2616-633X.2021.5.2.1329. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spiridonov S.V., Tretyakov D.S., Bulavskaya P.E. et al. 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