emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2023.7.1.1881emcardio-57Research ArticleОбзоры и лекцииReviews and lecturesКлеточный состав атеросклеротических бляшек: механизмы иммунорегуляции сосудистой стенкиCellular structure of atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wallКазаковаМ. И.KazakovaM.

Минск

Minsk

dr.1kazakova@yandex.byРеспубликанский клинический медицинский центр Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь; Белорусский государственный медицинский университетRepublican Clinical Medical Center of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Belarus; Belarusian State Medical University2023200620257118811884Copyright © Казакова М.И., 20252025Казакова М.И.Kazakova M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/57

Атеросклероз – это хроническое воспалительное заболевание артерий, возникающее в процессе сложного взаимодействия между факторами риска (холестерин липопротеинов низкой плотности, ожирение, сахарный диабет, артериальная гипертензия, курение и т.д.), компонентами сосудистой стенки, а также иммунными и воспали- тельными клетками. Различные клетки из интимы, медии, адвентиции и периваскулярной жировой ткани не только составляют неповрежденную и нормальную стенку артериального сосуда, но и участвуют в воспалительной реакции при атеросклерозе.Процесс атеросклероза запускается активацией эндотелия, за которым следует каскад событий (накопление липидов, миграция и пролиферация гладкомышечных клеток, трансформация фибробластов в миофибробласты). Возникающая в результате атеросклеротическая бляшка вызывает сужение сосуда и приводит к сердечно-сосудистым осложнениям. В статье рассматриваются результаты последних исследований, которые раскрывают роль различных клеток стенки артериального сосуда, а также клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета в развитии атеросклероза.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that occurs during a complex interaction between risk factors (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, etc.), components of the vascular wall, as well as immune and inflammatory cells. Various cells from intima, media, adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue not only make up an intact and normal arterial vessel wall, but also participate in the inflammatory reaction in atherosclerosis.The process of atherosclerosis is initiated by activation of the endothelium, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts). The atherosclerotic plaque causes narrowing of the vessel and leads to cardiovascular complications. The article reviews the results of recent studies that reveal the role of various cells of the arterial vessel wall, as well as cells of innate and adaptive immunity in the development of atherosclerosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.