emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.1.2187emcardio-53Research ArticleРецензии на лекцииReviews of the lecturesВариантная анатомия полулунных заслонок клапана аорты и легочного стволаVariant anatomy of the semilunar leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves basedПасюкА. А.PasiukH. A.

Минск

Minsk

pasiuk@rambler.ruТрушельН. А.TrushelN. A.

Минск

Minsk

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarusian State Medical University2024200620258121872192Copyright © Пасюк А.А., Трушель Н.А., 20252025Пасюк А.А., Трушель Н.А.Pasiuk H.A., Trushel N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/53

   В статье представлены современные отечественные и зарубежные литературные данные о вариантной анатомии полулунных заслонок клапана аорты и легочного ствола. Показаны анатомические особенности, заключающиеся в различии вариантов строения и количества полулунных заслонок, асимметричности их строения, различии морфометрических характеристик. Уделено внимание изменению анатомической терминологии с 2019 года, в которой выделен клапанный комплекс сердца, состоящий из фиброзного скелета сердца, предсердно-желудочковых клапанов и корней аорты и легочного ствола. Показано, что в литературных источниках имеется небольшое количество данных о размерах и положении узелков полулунных заслонок клапана аорта и клапана легочного ствола. В статье уделено внимание частоте встречаемости отверстий и их морфометрическим характеристикам в полулунных заслонках изучаемых клапанов. Представлены гистологические особенности полулунных заслонок, проявляющиеся в их утолщении и изменении клеточного и волокнистого состава в зависимости от возраста человека.

   The article presents contemporary domestic and foreign literature data on the variant anatomy of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar leaflets. The anatomical features shown include the differences in the structure and number of semilunar leaflets, of their structural asymmetry, and the variation in morphometric characteristics. Attention is given to the changes in anatomical terminology since 2019, which now distinguishes the valvular complex of the heart, consisting of the fibrous skeleton of the heart, atrioventricular valves, and the roots of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. It is shown that there is a limited amount of data in the literature regarding the sizes and positions of nodules on the semilunar leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves. The article focuses on the prevalence of openings and their morphometric characteristics in the semilunar leaflets of the studied valves. Histological features of the semilunar leaflets are presented, which include thickening and changes in cellular and fibrous composition depending on the age of the individual.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.