emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.1.2146emcardio-48Research ArticleОригинальные научные публикацииOriginal Scientific ResearchДепривация сна у военнослужащих как фактор снижения работоспособности и уменьшения эффективности выполнения задач по предназначениюSleep deprivation in servicemen as a factor reducing performance and deteriorating the effectiveness of job task executionЦапаеваН. Л.TsapaevaN. L.

Минск

Minsk

КалилецЭ. А.KaliletsE. A.

кафедра военно-полевой терапии

Минск

Department of Military Field Therapy

Minsk

ЗолотухинаС. Ф.ZolotuhinaS. F.

Минск

Minsk

БережнойР. Г.BerazhnoiR. G.

кафедра военно-полевой терапии

Минск

Department of Military Field Therapy

Minsk

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarusian State Medical UniversityВоенно-медицинский институт в учреждении образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Military Medical Institute at the educational institution "Belarusian State Medical University"2024200620258121462150Copyright © Цапаева Н.Л., Калилец Э.А., Золотухина С.Ф., Бережной Р.Г., 20252025Цапаева Н.Л., Калилец Э.А., Золотухина С.Ф., Бережной Р.Г.Tsapaeva N.L., Kalilets E.A., Zolotuhina S.F., Berazhnoi R.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/48   Цель

   Цель: изучить влияние нарушений сна на степень снижения производительности военного труда.

   Методы

   Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 14 мужчин в возрасте от 24 до 42 лет, по состоянию здоровья годных к службе в вооруженных силах. На предварительном этапе в исследование было включено 26 человек: все участники на протяжении недели вели дневник сна и заполняли опросник Хорна-Остберга для определения хронотипа. Исходя из полученных данных, из исследования были исключены лица с нарушениями сна в течение предшествующих 2-х недель и крайние варианты хронотипа «чисто вечерний» и «чисто утренний» (12 человек). Протокол исследования предполагал двухкратное обследование каждого из испытуемых: 1 – исходное (фоновое) обследование (утром, после полноценного отдыха), 2 – повторное обследование (утром, после ночного дежурства в условиях полной депривации сна) при этом в обоих случаях исключались периоды дневного отдыха в течение предшествующего рабочего дня и прием стимулирующих препаратов или напитков. Обследование включало методы психофизиологической диагностики: определение времени и характеристик простой зрительно-моторной реакции и сложных зрительно-моторных реакций на программно-аппаратном комплексе Психотест (компания «Нейрософт», РФ).

   Результаты

   Результаты. Работа в условиях депривации сна приводила к ухудшению результатов выполнения всех использованных тестов, кроме показателей функционального уровня системы в тесте «Помехоустойчивость» и сохранности параметров времени принятия решения (ВПР), что свидетельствует о сохранении мобилизационной готовности ЦНС. Показатели в условиях полноценного сна и при депривации имели следующий вид соответственно: простая зрительно-моторная реакция (217; 229), сложная зрительно-моторная реакция (306; 322), внимание (221; 280), помехоустойчивость – вр (248; 297). Анализ полученных данных производился с помощью стандартных методов математико-статистической обработки с использованием программы Statistica 10.0 и встроенных математических функций ПЭВМ. Для статистической обработки результатов применяли непараметрические критерии: критерий Манна-Уитни, критерий Уилкоксона. Для всех критериев и тестов величина критического уровня значимости принималась равной 0,05, т. е. различия признавались статистически значимыми при p ≤ 0,05.

   Заключение

   Заключение. На фоне общей усталости после ночного дежурства отмечено снижение ряда психофизиологических показателей, характеризующих скорость и точность реакции, увеличивается количество допускаемых ошибок при выполнении сложной задачи, но мобилизационная готовность ЦНС сохраняется, что вероятно связано с высоким уровнем профессионализма обследуемых.

   The aim is to study the effect of sleep disorders on the degree of deterioration of military work productivity.

   Methods

   Methods. The study involved 14 men aged 24 to 42 years old fit for military service for health reasons. At the preliminary stage of the survey, 26 people participated: all participants kept a sleep diary for a week and filled out a Horne-Östberg questionnaire to determine the chronotype. Persons with sleep disorders during the previous 2 weeks and extreme variants of the chronotype “purely evening” and “purely morning” chronotype (12 people) were excluded from the study. The effect of sleep deprivation was explored using a pilot study technique. The protocol assumed a double examination of each of the subjects: 1 – the initial examination (in the morning, after proper rest), 2 – the follow-up examination (in the morning, after night duty in conditions of complete sleep deprivation). The examination involved psychophysiological diagnostic methods: determination of the time and characteristics of characteristics of a simple visual-motor reaction and complex visual-motor reactions on the Psychotest computer-aided complex (Neurosoft Company, Russian Federation).

   Results

   Results. The study was performed on the Psychotest equipment (Neurosoft company, Russia). Working in the conditions of sleep deprivation led to a deterioration in the results of all the tests used, except for the indicators of the functional level of the system in the “Noise immunity” test and the preservation of the parameters of decision-making time (DMT), which confirms the preservation of the mobilization readiness of the central nervous system. The indicators in conditions of proper sleep and in case of sleep deprivation were as follows, respectively. Simple hand-eye reaction (217; 229), complex hand-eye reaction (306; 322), attention (221; 280), noise immunity – RT (248; 297). The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using standard methods of mathematical and statistical processing using the Statistica 10.0 program and the built-in mathematical functions. Nonparametric criteria were used for statistical processing of the results: the Mann-Whitney criterion, the Wilcoxon criterion. For all criteria and tests, the value of the critical significance level was assumed to be 0.05, i. e. the differences were recognized as statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

   Conclusions

   Conclusions. They being associated with general fatigue after night duty, we noticed a number of impaired psychophysiological indicators characterizing the speed and accuracy of the reaction. The number of mistakes made when performing a difficult task increased, but the mobilization readiness of the central nervous system persisted, which was probably due to the high level of professionalism of the individuals.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.