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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2616-633X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.1.2113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emcardio-42</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные научные публикации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Scientific Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратификация риска летального исхода с учетом оценки старческой астении и коморбидности у пациентов в возрасте 60 лет и старше с 5-й стадией хронической болезни почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Death risk stratification in patients aged 60 years and older with stage 5 chronic kidney disease using frailty assessment and comorbidity evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курилович</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurylovich</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khruns89@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красько</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение здравоохранения «1-я городская клиническая больница»; Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения Учреждения образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; City Clinical Hospital; Institute of Advanced Training and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения Учреждения образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»; Государственное учреждение «Минский научно-практический центр хирургии, трансплантологии и гематологии»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Advanced Training and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of Belarusian State Medical University; Minsk Scientific Research Center of Surgery, Transplantology and Hematology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное научное учреждение «Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>2113</fpage><lpage>2124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курилович К.А., Комиссаров К.С., Красько О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курилович К.А., Комиссаров К.С., Красько О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurylovich K.A., Komissarov K.S., Krasko O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/42">https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/42</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: оценить влияние старческой астении (СА) и коморбидности на исход лечения у пациентов в возрасте 60 лет и старше, начинающих терапию хроническим диализом (ХД).</p></sec><sec><title>   Методы</title><p>   Методы. Одноцентровое исследование включало 245 пациентов в возрасте ≥ 60 лет с 5-ой стадией хронической болезнь почек (ХБП С5). Все пациенты были осмотрены на предмет наличия гипергидратации, у всех пациентов определялась остаточная функция почек, а также преддиализные уровни креатинина, мочевины, калия, альбумина, лимфоцитов, гемоглобина в крови. Для измерения физиологического резерва организма использовался кумулятивный индекс СА (КИСА). Для количественной оценки тяжести сопутствующих заболеваний применялся индекс коморбидности Чарлсон (ИКЧ). Анализ выживаемости осуществляли с помощью оценки Каплан–Майера, факторы риска оценивались на основании отношения рисков.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. В однофакторном анализе выявлены следующие предикторы летального исхода: возраст &gt; 65 лет, состояние остаточной функции почек (скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) по формуле CKD-EPI ≤ 3 мл/мин/1,73 м², диурез &lt; 400 мл/сутки), наличие гипергидратации на момент начала диализа, лабораторные показатели выраженности уремии (креатинин ≤ 520 мкмоль/л, мочевина &gt; 44 ммоль/л), признаки белково-энергетической недостаточности (БЭН) (альбумин ≤ 30 г/л, лимфоциты ≤ 0,6 × 10⁹/л), а также КИСА ≥ 0,5 (3,5 (2,4–5,1), p &lt; 0,001), ИКЧ &gt; 5 баллов (1,6 (1,2–2,3), p = 0,005). Все пациенты были разделены на 1 группу (пациенты с КИСА ≥ 0,5), 2 группу 1 подгруппу (КИСА &lt; 0,5 и ИКЧ &gt; 5 баллов), 2 группу 2 подгруппу (КИСА &lt; 0,5 и ИКЧ ≤ 5 баллов). Имелись различия медиан выживаемости (44 vs 279 vs 672 дней), одно- и двухлетней выживаемости в группах и подгруппах. Выявлено, что наибольшее влияние на продолжительностьжизни на ХД у пациентов ≥ 60 лет с ХБП С5 оказывали не классические показатели возраста, азотовыделительной функции почек и показатели БЭН, а наличие выраженной СА и высокой коморбидности, что позволило выделить группы риска летального исхода: группу высокого риска составили пациенты с КИСА ≥ 0,5, группу промежуточного риска – пациенты с КИСА &lt; 0,5 и ИКЧ &gt; 5 баллов, группу стандартного риска – пациенты с КИСА &lt; 0,5 и ИКЧ ≤ 5 баллов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. КИСА и ИКЧ превосходят показатели азотемии, БЭН и расчет СКФ при прогнозировании и стратификации риска смерти у пациентов ≥ 60 лет с ХБП С5. Ввиду этого мы предлагаем использовать КИСА и ИКЧ для определения метода лечения ХБП С5 в данной когорте пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To assess the impact of frailty and comorbidity on treatment outcomes in patients aged 60 years and older starting chronic dialysis.</p></sec><sec><title>   Methods</title><p>   Methods. A single-center trial included 245 patients aged 60 years and older with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD 5). All the patients were examined for hyperhydration and residual renal function and pre-dialysis blood parameters (creatinine, urea, potassium, albumin, lymphocytes, hemoglobin) were evaluated. The Cumulative Frailty Index (CFI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were used to assess frailty and comorbid disease burden, respectively. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the impact of individual parameters on patient survival.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. As a result of the univariate statistical analysis, variables independently associated with worse survival were: age &gt; 65 years, residual renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the CKD-EPI formula ≤ 3 ml/min/1.73 m², diuresis &lt; 400 ml/day), hyperhydration, uremia indicators (creatinine ≤ 520 µmol/l, urea &gt; 44 mmol/l), protein-energy undernutrition (PEU) laboratory signs (albumin ≤ 30 g/l, lymphocytes ≤ 0.6 × 10⁹/l ), as well as CFI ≥ 0.5 (3.5 (2.4–5.1), p &lt; 0.001), CCI &gt; 5 points (1.6 (1.2–2.3), p = 0.005). All the patients were divided into group 1 (patients with CFI ≥ 0.5), group 2 subgroup 1 (CFI &lt; 0.5 and CCI &gt; 5 points), group 2 subgroup 2 (CFI &lt; 0.5 and CCI ≤ 5 points).There were differences in median survival (44 vs 279 vs 672 days), one- and two-year survival in the selected groups and subgroups. It was revealed that the greatest influence on life expectancy in ≥ 60 year-old patients with CKD 5 on chronic dialysis was not exerted by the classic criteria of age, renal nitrogen excretion function and PEU, but by the presence of severe frailty and high comorbidity, which made it possible to identify groups at risk of death: the high-risk group included patients with CFI ≥ 0.5, the intermediate-risk group – patients with CFI &lt; 0.5 and CCI &gt; 5 points, the standard-risk group – patients with CFI &lt; 0.5 and CCI ≤ 5 points.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. CFI and CCI are superior to azotemia, PEU, and GFR in predicting and stratifying risk of death in ≥ 60 year-old patients with CKD 5. We, therefore, propose that CFI and CCI be used to determine treatment modality for CKD 5 in this cohort of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический диализ</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>пожилые</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd><kwd>кумулятивный индекс старческой астении</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>индекс коморбидности Чарлсон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic dialysis</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>cumulative frailty index</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>Charlson comorbidity index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennard A., Glasgow N., Rainsford S., Talaulikar G. Frailty in chronic kidney disease: challenges in nephrology practice. A review of current literature. 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