emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.2.2224emcardio-4Research ArticleМастер-классMaster-classМикроциркуляция (часть 3 – методы исследования микроциркуляции)Microcirculation (Part 3 – methods of microcirculation assessment)ЦапаеваН. Л.TsapaevaN. L.

 г. Минск 

 Minsk 

ntsapaeva@yandex.ruЦапаевВ. Г.TsapaevV. G.

 г. Минск 

 Minsk 

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarusian State Medical University202418062025822224–2236Copyright © Цапаева Н.Л., Цапаев В.Г., 20252025Цапаева Н.Л., Цапаев В.Г.Tsapaeva N.L., Tsapaev V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/4

Микроциркуляторная дисфункция является одним из определяющих факторов риска развития миокардиальной ишемии. Расстройства микроциркуляции разнообразны по патогенезу и клиническим проявлениям. Поэтому необходимо иметь информацию не только о состоянии кровотока на тканевом уровне, но иметь возможность его мониторинга при длительном наблюдении.В связи с этим, определение диагностически информативных количественных и качественных параметров микроциркуляторного кровотока является одной из актуальных проблем в клинике внутренних болезней. В статье рассматриваются три основных группы методов исследования микроциркуляции: 1-визуализирующие методы (компьютерная микроскопия сосудов ногтевого ложа верхних и нижних конечностей, конъюнктивы глазного яблока, слизистой оболочки полости рта); 2-клинико-метрические исследования (лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия, высокочастотная ультразвуковая допплерография); 3-методы, определяющие кровоток и газообмен на уровне микроциркуляции (радионуклидные методы исследования, позиционно – эмиссионная томография, неинвазивная оксиметрия). Описаны конкретные методики выполнения, наиболее информативные показатели и параметры каждой технологии, позволяющие оценивать степень микроциркуляторных расстройств и контролировать эффективность проводимого лечения. Анализируются преимущества и недостатки представленных методов исследования микроциркуляции.

Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the determining risk factors for the development of myocardial ischemia. Microcirculation disorders are diverse in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Therefore, it is necessary to have information not only about the state of blood flow at the tissue level, but also to have the ability to monitor it during long-term observation. In this regard, the determination of diagnostically informative quantitative and qualitative parameters of microcirculatory blood flow is one of the urgent problems in the management of internal diseases. The article considers three main groups of methods for studying microcirculation: 1-visualizing methods (computer microscopy of the vessels of the nail bed of the upper and lower extremities, bulbar conjunctiva, mucous membrane of the oral cavity); 2-clinical and metric studies (laser Doppler flowmetry, high-frequency ultrasound Dopplerography); 3-methods that determine blood flow and gas exchange at the level of microcirculation (radionuclide methods of research, positional emission tomography, non-invasive oximetry). The article describes specific methods of implementation, the most informative indicators and parameters of each technology, which allow assessing the degree of microcirculatory disorders and control the effectiveness of the treatment, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of microcirculation research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.