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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2616-633X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/2616-633X.2026.10.1.2702</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emcardio-338</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАСТЕР-КЛАСС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MASTER-CLASS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Атеросклероз длиною в жизнь: этапы диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lifelong Atherosclerosis: Stages of Diagnosis and Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саливончик</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salivonchik</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">baro1@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>2702</fpage><lpage>2715</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саливончик Д.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саливончик Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salivonchik D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/338">https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/338</self-uri><abstract><p>Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания сохраняют лидирующие позиции в смертности во всем мире и обусловливают основную долю затрат в системе здравоохранения. Оценка наличия системного атеросклероза происходит в основном на стадии клинических проявлений, чаще ишемических, с развитием инфаркта миокарда, ишемического инсульта, острой артериальной недостаточности. Практикующему врачу необходим пошаговый алгоритм диагностики и лечения системного атеросклероза, учитывая разнообразие дислипидемии с ростом холестерина низкой плотности, триглицеридов и атерогенных липопротеидов. В статье предлагается такой подход от установления факторов риска системного атеросклероза, определения сердечно-сосудистого риска по шкале SCORE, оценке дислипопротеинемии, в том числе семейной гиперхолестеринемии, до пошагового определения жесткости сосудов, наличия атеросклеротической бляшки, степени стенозирования ею сосуда, нестабильности бляшки, выборе лекарственной терапии, оценке ее эффективности и безопасности, снижения суммарного кардиоваскулярного риска, увеличения выживаемости на основании представленных данных международных рандомизированных исследований. Представлены новые направления диагностики нестабильности атеросклеротической бляшки в бассейне внутренней сонной артерии, которые могут стать важной вехой профилактики развития инсульта. Использование комбинированной гиполипидемической терапии – современное направления увеличения выживаемости кардиоваскулярных пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide and account for the majority of healthcare costs. The presence of systemic atherosclerosis is primarily assessed at the clinical stage, most often ischemic, with the development of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute arterial insufficiency. Practicing physicians require a step-by-step algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of systemic atherosclerosis, taking into account the diversity of dyslipidemia with increased levels of low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoproteins. This article proposes an approach that ranges from identifying risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis, determining cardiovascular risk using the SCORE scale, and assessing dyslipoproteinemia, including familial hypercholesterolemia, to the step-by-step determination of vascular stiffness, the presence of atherosclerotic plaque, the degree of vascular stenosis, and instability, as well as the selection of drug therapy and assessment of its efficacy and safety, reduction of overall cardiovascular risk, and increased survival based on data from international randomized trials. New approaches to diagnosing atherosclerotic plaque instability in the internal carotid artery system are presented, which may become an important milestone in stroke prevention. Combination lipid-lowering therapy is a modern approach to increasing survival in cardiovascular patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>атеросклеротическая бляшка</kwd><kwd>гиполипидемическая терапия</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>atherosclerotic plaque</kwd><kwd>lipid-lowering therapy</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации / Ежов М.В. [и др.] // 2023. 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