References

emcardio

Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски

Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal

2616-633X

Белорусский государственный медицинский университет

emcardio-200

Research Article

Мастер-класс

Master-class

Нестабильная стенокардия или нестабильные коронарные синдромы? (https://doi.org/10.51922/2616-633X.2020.4.2.944)

Unstable angina pectoris or unstable coronary syndromes?

Митьковская

Н. П.

Mitkovskaya

N. P.

mitkovskaya1@mail.ru

Ласкина

О. В.

Laskina

O. V.

laskina14@mail.ru

Тифи

Патрик

Teefy

Patrick

УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»BelarusУниверситет Западного ОнтариоCanada

2020

10112025

944–977

2025

Митьковская Н.П., Ласкина О.В., Тифи П.

Mitkovskaya N.P., Laskina O.V., Teefy P.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/200

Нестабильная стенокардия (НС) – вариант острого коронарного синдрома без подъема сегмента ST (ОКСбпST), который характеризуется отсутствием биохимических критериев повреждения миокарда, изменением клинической картины стенокардиального синдрома (увеличением функционального класса стенокардии напряжения, появлением стенокардии покоя и высокой вероятности трансформации процесса в инфаркт миокарда (ИМ)). НС и сформировавшийся ИМ без подъема сегмента ST (ИМбпST) не сопровождаются появлением патологического зубца Q, характеризуются общим сложным патогенезом, ассоциированным с прогрессирующим атеросклерозом, неокклюзирующим тромбом в области эрозии или разрыва атеросклеротической бляшки, вазоспазмом, коронарной микроциркуляторной дисфункцией или другими причинами дисбаланса между поступлением и потреблением кислорода, обуславливающими ишемию миокарда, и различаются повышением уровней маркеров некроза миокарда в крови при ИМбпST. Дифференцировать НС и ИМбпST в первые часы развития процесса, когда принимается решение о реперфузионных технологиях и медикаментозной терапии, сложно без лабораторного, а в некоторых случаях и без дополнительного обследования с визуализацией вероятной новой потери жизнеспособного миокарда, поэтому диагностика и ведение этих двух клинических состояний обычно рассматриваются в одних клинических рекомендациях. В статье рассмотрены различные механизмы развития ишемии миокарда, диагностические и лечебные инвазивные и неинвазивные технологии, улучшающие прогноз пациентов с НС.

Unstable angina pectoris (UA) is a variant of acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation (NSTEACS), which is characterized by the absence of biochemical criteria for myocardial damage, a change in the clinical picture of angina pectoris (an increase in the functional class of angina pectoris, the appearance of resting angina and a high probability of transformation of the process into myocardial infarction (MI)). UA and the developed MI without ST segment elevation (NSTEMI) are not accompanied by the appearance of a pathological Q wave and are characterized by a general complex pathogenesis associated with progressive atherosclerosis, a non-occlusive thrombus in the area of erosion or rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, vasospasm, coronary microcirculatory dysfunction or other causes of imbalance between oxygen intake and oxygen consumption resulting in myocardial ischemia, and are distinguished by increased levels of myocardial necrosis in the blood in case of NSTEMI. It is difficult to differentiate UA and NSTEMI in the first hours of the development of the process when a decision is made on reperfusion technologies and drug therapy without laboratory, and in some cases, additional examination with visualization of the probable new loss of viable myocardium, therefore, the diagnosis and management of these two clinical conditions are usually considered in the same clinical recommendations. The article discusses various mechanisms of the development of myocardial ischemia, diagnostic and therapeutic invasive and non-invasive technologies that improve the prognosis of patients with UA.

нестабильная стенокардияострый коронарный синдром без подъема сегмента STоптимальная медикаментозная терапиячрескожные коронарные вмешательстваэкстракорпоральная аутогемомагнитотерапияультрафиолетовая модификация крови

unstable angina pectorisacute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevationoptimal drug therapypercutaneous coronary interventionsextracorporeal autohemomagnetotherapyultraviolet blood modification

References1

Roffi M., Carlo P., Collet J.P., Mueller C., Valgimigli M., Andreotti F., Bax J.J., Borger M.A., Brotons C., Chew D.P., Valgimigli M., Andreotti F., Bax J.J., Borger M.A., Brotons C., Chew D.P, Gencer B., Hasenfuss G., Kjeldsen K., Lancellotti P., Landmesser U., Mehilli J., Mukherjee D., Storey R.F., Windecker S.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Euro Heart J, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 267-315. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320.

Ibanez B., James S., Agewall S., Antunes M.J., Bucciarelli-Ducci C., Bueno H., Caforio A.L.P., Crea F., Goudevenos J.A., Halvorsen S., Hindricks G., Kastrati A., Lenzen M.J., Prescott E., Roffi M., Valgimigli M., Varenhorst C., Vranckx P., Widimský P. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2018, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 119-177. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.

Chen C.C., Chiu I.M., Cheng F.J., Wu K.H., Li C.J. The impact of prolonged waiting time for coronary care unit admission on patients with non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med, 2017, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1078-1081. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.02.049.

Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B.R., Bax J.J., Morrow D.A., White H.D. et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). Circulation, 2018, vol. 138, no. 20, pp. e618-e651. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000617.

Fox K.A., Carruthers K.F., Dunbar D.R., Graham C., Manning J.R., De Raedt H., Buysschaer t I., Lambrechts D., Van de Wer f F. Underestimated and underrecognized: the late consequences of acute coronary syndrome (GRACE UK-Belgian Study). Eur Heart J, 2010, vol. 31, no. 22, pp. 2755-2764. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq326.

Braunwald E. Unstable angina. A classification. Circulation, 1989, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 410-414. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.80.2.410.

Braunwald E., Morrow D.A. Unstable angina: is it time for a requiem? Circulation, 2013, vol. 127, no. 24, pp. 2452-2457. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.001258.

Newby L.K., Jesse R.L., Babb J.D., Christenson R.H., De Fer T.M., Diamond G.A., Fesmire F.M., Geraci S.A., Gersh B.J., Larsen G.C., Kaul S., McKay C.R., Philippides G.J., Weintraub W.S. ACCF 2012 expert consensus document on practical clinical considerations in the interpretation of troponin elevations: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation task force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012, vol. 60, no. 23, pp. 2427-2463.

Haasenritter J., Donner-Banzhoff N., Bösner S. Chest pain for coronary heart disease in general practice: clinical judgement and a clinical decision rule. Br J Gen Pract, 2015, vol. 65, no. 640, pp. e748-e753. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687385.

Mitkovskaya N.P., Gerasimenok D.S., Kartun L.V., Mansurov V.A., Balysh E.M., Zhuk A.V. Zerebrovaskulyarnye ishemicheskie oslozhneniya krupnoochagovogo infarkta miokarda [Cerebrovascular ischemic complications of large focal myocardial infarction]. Kardiologiya v Belarusi, 2012, no. 5(24), pp. 64-76. (in Russian).

Knuuti J., Wijns W., Saraste A., Capodanno D., Barbato E., Funck-Brentano C., Prescott E., Storey R.F., Deaton C., Cuisset T., Agewall S., Dickstein K., Edvardsen T., Escaned J., Gersh B.J., Svitil P., Gilard M., Hasdai D., Hatala R., Mahfoud F., Masip J., Muneretto C., Valgimigli M., Achenbach S., Bax J.J.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 407-477. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425.

Crea F., Camici P.G., Bairey Merz C.N. Coronary microvascular dysfunction: an update Eur Heart, 2014, vol. 35, no 17, pp 1101-1111. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht513.

Kullo I.J., Edwards W.D., Schwartz R.S. Vulnerable plaque: pathobiology and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med, 1998, vol. 129, no. 12, pp. 1050-1060.

Daghem M., Bing R., Fayad Z.A., Dweck M.R. Noninvasive Imaging to Assess Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Disease Activity: Coronary and Carotid Applications. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019, vol. 9, pp. S1936-878X(19)30617-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.03.033.

Bohula E.A., Giugliano R.P., Leiter L.A., Verma S., Park J.G., Sever P.S., Pineda A. L., Honarpour N., Wang H., Murphy S.A., Keech A., Pedersen T.R., Sabatine M.S. Inflammatory and Cholesterol Risk in the FOURIER Trial. Circulation, 2018, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 131-140. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034032.

Mitkovskaya N.P., Avdey L.L., Oganova E.G., Kurak T.A., Molochnikov M.G., Il’ina T.V., Shkrebneva E.I., Kot Zh.N. Ateroskleroz u pazientov s revmatoidnym artritom: rol’ nekotorych pokazateley vospaleniya i endotelial’noy disfunkzii [Atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of some indicators of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction]. Lechebnoe delo, 2011, no. 3 (19), pp. 34-39. (in Russian).

Kamińska J., Koper O.M., Siedlecka-Czykier E., Matowicka-Karna J., Bychowski J., Kemona H. Saudi The utility of inflammation and platelet biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Biol Sci, 2018, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1263-1271. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.015.

Taglieri N., Nanni C., Ghetti G., Bonfiglioli R., Saia F., Reggiani M.L.B., Lima G.M., Marco V., Prati F., Fanti S., Rapezzi C. Relation between thoracic aortic inflammation and features of plaque vulnerability in the coronary tree in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. An FDG-positron emission tomography and optical coherence tomography study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2017, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1878-1887. doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3747-8.

Yang F., Ma L., Zhang L., Wang Y., Zhao C., Zhu W., Liang W., Liu Q. Association between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, ischemic modified albumin and acute coronary syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Heart Vessels, 2019, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1608-1614. doi: 10.1007/s00380-019-01403-3.

Carlsson A.C., Ruge T., Kjøller E., Hilden J., Kolmos H.J., Sajadieh A., Kastrup J., Jensen G.B., Larsson A., Nowak C., Jakobsen J.C., Winkel P., Gluud C., Ärnlöv J. 10-Year Associations Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: A CLARICOR (Effect of Clarithromycin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease) Trial Substudy. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. e008299. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008299.

Badimon L., Padró T., Vilahur G. Atherosclerosis, platelets and thrombosis in acute ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 2012, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 60-74. doi: 10.1177/2048872612441582.

Picard F., Sayah N., Spagnoli V., Adjedj J., Varenne O. Vasospastic angina: A literature review of current evidence. Arch Cardiovasc Dis, 2019, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2018.08.002.

Teragawa H., Oshita C., Ueda T. Coronary spasm: It’s common, but it’s still unsolved. World J Cardiol, 2018, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 201-209. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v10.i11.201.

Ford T.J., Rocchiccioli P., Good R., McEntegart M,. Eteiba H., Watkins S., Shaukat A., Lindsay M., Robertson K., Hood S., Yii E., Sidik N., Harvey A., Montezano A.C., Beattie E., Haddow L., Oldroyd K.G., Touyz R.M., Berry C. Systemic microvascular dysfunction in microvascular and vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J, 2018, vol. 39, no. 46, pp. 4086-4097. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy529.

Yang N., Su Y.F., Li W.W., Wang S.S., Zhao C.Q., Wang B.Y., Liu H., Guo M., Han W. Microcirculation function assessed by adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography and prognosis in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Medicine (Baltimore), 2019, vol. 98, no. 27, pp. e15990.

Barstow C., Rice M., McDivitt J.D. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Diagnostic Evaluation. Am Fam Physician, 2017, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 170-177.

Zheng W., Wang J., Xu F., Zheng J., Zhang H., Ma J., Wang G., Wang H., Chew D.P., Chen Y. Evaluation and management of patients with acute chest pain in China (EMPACT): protocol for a prospective, multicentre registry study. BMJ Open, 2018, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. e017872. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017872.

Erlich A.D., Rudakova D., Sukmanova D., Bocharova A., Bubnova E., Rogachyeva K., Gatal’skiy K., Maksakova E., Frolova F., Bessonova A., Nechaeva D., Pavli-chenko O., Tanana O., Charitonova Ya., Vyalova I., Lisochenko A., Panin A., Naumchik A., Fomin Yu., Saverova Yu., et al. 12-mesyachnye ischody u pazientov s ostrym koronarnym sindromom, vklyuchyennych v rossiyskiy registr REKORD-3 [12-month outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome included in the Russian RECORD-3 registry]. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal, 2018, no. 3(155), pp. 23-30. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-3-23. (in Russian).

Nguyen T.N., Abramson B.L., Galluzzi A., Tan M., Yan A.T., Goodman S.G.; Canadian GRACE Investigators. Temporal trends and referral factors for cardiac rehabilitation post-acute coronary syndrome in Ontario: insights from the Canadian Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Can J Cardiol, 2013, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1604-1609. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.10.002.

Mitkovskaya N.P. Kardiogennyy shok pri ostrom infarkte miokarda – poteri i dostizheniya [Cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction – losses and achievements]. Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski, 2017, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 6-20. (in Russian).

Mitkovskaya N.P. Ostraya serdechnaya nedostatochnost’: epidemiologiya, faktory riska, prognoz, diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika [Acute heart failure: epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention]. Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski, 2018, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 140-162. (in Russian).

D’Ascenzo F., Biondi-Zoccai G., Moretti C., Bollati M., Omedè P., Sciuto F., Presutti D.G., Modena M.G., Gasparini M., Reed M.J., Sheiban I., Gaita F. TIMI, GRACE and alter native risk scores in Acute Coronar y Syndromes: a meta-analysis of 40 derivation studies on 216,552 patients and of 42 validation studies on 31,625 patients. Contemp Clin Trials, 2012, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 507-514. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.01.001.

Liu Y., Yao Y., Tang X.F., Xu N., Jiang P., Jiang L., Zhao X.Y., Chen J., Yang Y.J., Gao R.L., Xu B., Yuan J.Q. Evaluation of a novel score for predicting 2-year outcomes in patients with acute coronar y syndrome af ter percutaneous coronar y intervention. J Chin Med Assoc, 2019, vol. 82, no. 8, pp. 616-622. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000124.

Sharp A.L., Baecker A.S., Shen E., Redberg R., Lee M.S., Ferencik M., Natsui S., Zheng C., Kawatkar A., Gould M.K., Sun B.C. Effect of a HEART Care Pathway on Chest Pain Management Within an Integrated Health System. Ann Emerg Med, 2019, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 171-180. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.01.007.

Mahler S.A., Lenoir K.M., Wells B.J., Burke G.L., Duncan P.W., Case L.D., Herrington D.M., Diaz-Garelli J.F., Futrell W.M., Hiestand B.C., Miller C.D. Safely Identif ying Emergency Department Patients With Acute Chest Pain for Early Discharge. Circulation, 2018, vol. 138, no. 22, pp. 2456-2468. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036528.

Vranckx P., Harvey D.W., Huang Z., Mahaffey K.W., Armstrong P.W., Van de Werf F., Moliterno D.J., Wallentin L., Held C., Aylward P.E., Cornel J.H., Bode C., Huber K., Nicolau J.C., Ruzyllo W., Harrington R.A., Tricoci P. Validation of BARC Bleeding Criteria in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: The TRACER Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, vol. 67, no. 18, pp. 21352144. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.056.

Pollack C.V., Amin A., Wang T., Deitelzweig S., Cohe M., Slattery D., Fanikos J., DiLascia C., Tuder R., Kaatz S. Contemporary NSTEMI management: the role of the hospitalist. Hosp Pract, 2020, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1701329.

Firoozabadi R., Gregg R.E., Babaeizadeh S. Intelligent use of advanced capabilities of diagnostic ECG algorithms in a monitoring environment. J Electrocardiol, 2017, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 615-619. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.04.013.

Amann M., Gaiser F., Schwenk S.I., Rahimi F., Schmitz R., Mashayekhi K., Ferenc M., Neumann F.J., Valina C.M., Hochholzer W. Evaluation of a 1-hour troponin algorithm for diagnosing myocardial infarction in high-risk patients admitted to a chest pain unit: the prospective FAST-MI cohort study. BMJ Open, 2019, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. e032124. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032124.

Reichlin T., Twerenbold R., Reiter M., Steuer S., Bassetti S., Balmelli C., Winkler K., Kurz S., Stelzig C., Freese M., Drexler B., Haaf P., Zellweger C., Osswald S. Mueller C. Introduction of high-sensitivity troponin assays: impact on myocardial infarction incidence and prognosis. Am J Med, 2012, vol. 125, no. 12 pp. 1205-1213, e1. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.07.015.

Yao W., Gao Y., Wan Z. Serum Metabolomics Profiling to Identify Biomarkers for Unstable Angina. Biomed Res Int, 2017, pp. 7657306. doi: 10.1155/2017/7657306.

Dadkhah S., Almuwaqqat Z., Sulaiman S., Husein H., Nguyen Q., Ali S., Taskesen T. Sensitive Troponin I and Stress Testing in the Emergency Department for the Early Management of Chest Pain Using 2-Hour Protocol. Crit Pathw Cardiol, 2017, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 89-92. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000115.

Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B.R., Bax J.J., Morrow D.A., White H.D.; Executive Group on behalf of the Joint European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/World Heart Federation (WHF) Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). Glob Heart, 2018, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 305-338. doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.08.004.

Elfaramawy A., Hassan M., Nagy M., ElGuindy A., Elmahdy M.F. Impact of fractional flow reserve on decision-making in daily clinical practice: A single center experience in Egypt. Egypt Heart J, 2018, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 161-165. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2017.12.007.

Van Belle E., Baptista S.B., Raposo L., Henderson J., Rioufol G., Santos L., Pouillot C., Ramos R., Cuisset T., Calé R., Teiger E., Jorge E., Belle L., Machado C., Barreau D., Costa M., Hanssen M., Oliveira E., Besnard C., Costa .J, Dallongeville J., Pipa J., Sideris G., Fonseca N., Bretelle C., Guardado J., Lhoest N., Silva B., Barnay P., Sousa M.J., Leborgne L., Silva J.C., Vincent F., Rodrigues A., Seca L., Fernandes R., Dupouy P.; PRIME-FFR Study Group. Impact of Routine Fractional Flow Reserve on Management Decision and 1-Year Clinical Outcome of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: PRIME-FFR (Insights From the POST-IT [Portuguese Study on the Evaluation of FFR-Guided Treatment of Coronary Disease] and R3F [French FFR Registry] Integrated Multicenter Registries - Implementation of FFR [Fractional Flow Reserve] in Routine Practice). Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2017, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. e004296. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004296.

Miller C.D., Stopyra J.P., Mahler S.A., Case L.D., Vasu S., Bell R.A., Hundley W.G. ACES (Accelerated Chest Pain Evaluation With Stress Imaging) Protocols Eliminate Testing Disparities in Patients With Chest Pain. Crit Pathw Cardiol, 2019, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 5-9. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000161.

Cai Z., Dai J., Wu D., Qiu J., Ma J., Li G., Zhu W., Lei H., Huang W., Zhang H., Xu L. The value of 3-dimensional longitudinal strain in the evaluation of complex coronary lesions in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patient. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016, vol. 95, no. 39, pp. e4667. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004667.

Nesukay E.G., Danilenko A.A. Rol spekl-treking echokardiografi v diagnostike i lechenii serdechno-sosudist ych zabolevaniy [Role of speckle tracking echocardiography in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. Arterialnaya gipertenziya (Kiev), 2018, no. 2(58), pp. 33-43. doi: 10.22141/22241485.2.58.2018.131064. (in Russian).

D’Andrea A., Cocchia R., Caso P., Riegler L., Scarafile R., Salerno G., Golia E., Di Salvo G., Calabrò P., Bigazzi M.C., Liccardo B., Esposito N., Cuomo S., Bossone E., Russo M.G., Calabrò R. Global longitudinal speckle tracking strain is predictive of left ventricular remodeling after coronary angioplasty in patients with recent non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol, 2011, vol. 153, no. 2, pp. 185-191.

Durand E., Bauer F., Mansencal N., Azarine A., Diebold B., Hagege A., Perdrix L., Gilard M., Jobic Y., Eltchaninoff H., Bensalah M., Dubourg B., Caudron J., Niarra R., Chatellier G., Dacher J.N., Mousseaux E. Head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography angiography and dobutamine stress echocardiography in the evaluation of acute chest pain with normal ECG findings and negative troponin tests: A prospective multicenter study. Int J Cardiol, 2017, vol. 15, no. 241, pp. 463-469. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.129.

Hollander J.E., Than M., Mueller C. State-of-the-Ar t Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients Presenting With Potential Acute Coronary Syndrome s. Circulatio n, 2016, vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 5 47-56 4. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021886.

Budoff M.J., Mayrhofer T., Ferencik M., Bittner D., Lee K.L., Lu M.T., Coles A., Jang J., Krishnam M., Douglas P.S., Hoffmann U.; PROMISE Investigators. Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium in the PROMISE Study (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain). Circulation, 2017, vol. 136, no. 21, pp. 1993-2005. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030578.

Takamura K., Fujimoto S., Kondo T., Hiki M., Kawaguchi Y., Kato E., Daida H. Incremental Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: High-Risk Plaque Characteristics in Asymptomatic Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2017, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1174-1185. doi: 10.5551/jat.39115.

Sørgaard M.H., Linde J.J., Kühl J.T., Kelbæk H., Hove J.D., Fornitz G.G., Jørgensen T.B.S., Heitmann M., Kragelund C., Hansen T.F., Abdulla J., Engstrøm T., Jensen J.S., Wiegandt Y.T., Høfsten D.E., Køber L.V., Kofoed K.F. Value of Myocardial Perfusion Assessment With Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients With Recent Acute-Onset Chest Pain. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2018, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 611-1621. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.09.022.

Holm N.R., Andreasen L.N., Walsh S., Kajander O.A., Witt N., Eek C., Knaapen P., Koltowski L., Gutiérrez-Chico J.L., Burzotta F., Kockman J., Ormiston J., Santos Pardo I., Laanmets P., Mylotte D., Madsen M., Hjort J., Kumsars I., Råmunddal T., Christiansen E.H. Rational and design of the European randomized Optical Coherence Tomography Optimized Bifurcation Event Reduction Trial (OCTOBER). Am Heart J, 2018, vol. 205, pp. 97-109. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.08.003.

Hoshino M., Yonetsu T., Yuki Y., Inoue K., Kanaji Y., Usui E., Lee T., Kakuta T. Optical Coherence Tomographic Features of Unstable Coronary Lesions Corresponding to Histopathological Intraplaque Hemorrhage Evaluated by Directional Coronary Atherectomy Specimens. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2018, vol. 11, no. 14, pp. 1414-1415. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.04.013.

Saremi F. Cardiac MR Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Application and Image Interpretation. Radiology, 2017, vol. 282, no. 1, pp. 17-32. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016152849.

Oshita A., Kawakami H., Miyoshi T., Seike F., Matsuoka H. Characterization of highintensity plaques on noncontrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging by coronary angioscopy. J Cardiol, 2017, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 520-523. doi: 10.1016/j. jjcc.2017.04.009.

Balla C., Pavasini R., Ferrari R. Treatment of Angina: Where Are We? Cardiology, 2018, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. 52-67. doi: 10.1159/000487936.

Mehta S.R., Wood D.A., Storey R.F., Mehran R., Bainey K.R., Nguyen H., Meeks B., Di Pasquale G., López-Sendón J., Faxon D.P., Mauri L., Rao S.V., Feldman L., Steg P.G., Avezum Á., Sheth T., Pinilla-Echeverri N., Moreno R., Campo G., Wrigley B., Kedev S., Sutton A., Oliver R., Rodés-Cabau J., Stanković G., Welsh R., Lavi S., Cantor W.J., Wang J., Nakamya J., Bangdiwala S.I., Cairns J.A.; COMPLETE Trial Steering Committee and Investigators. Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med, 2019, vol. 381, no. 15, pp. 1411-1421. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1907775.

Vogrin S., Harper R., Paratz E., MacIsaac A., Burchell J., Smith B., Scott A., Yong J., Sundararajan V. Comparative Ef fec tiveness of Routine Invasive Coronar y Angiography for Managing Unstable Angina. Ann Intern Med, 2017, vol. 166, no. 11, pp. 783-791. doi: 10.7326/M16-2420.

Prejean S.P., Din M., Reyes E., Hage F.G. Guidelines in review: Comparison of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes and the 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronar y syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. J Nucl Cardiol, 2018, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 769-776. doi: 10.1007/s12350-017-1137-z.

Neumann F.-J., Sousa-Uva M., Ahlsson A., Alfonso F., Banning A.P., Benedetto U., Byrne R.A., Collet J.-P., Falk V., Head S.J., et al. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J, 2019, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 87-165. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394.

Kofoed K.F., Kelbæk H., Hansen P.R., Torp-Pedersen C., Høfsten D., Kløvgaard L., Holmvang L., Helqvist S., Jørgensen E., Galatius S., Pedersen F., Bang L., Saunamaki K., Clemmensen P., Linde J.J., Heitmann M., Nielsen W.O., Raymond I.E., Kristiansen O.P., Svendsen I.H., Bech J., Vall-Lamora D.M.H., Kragelund C., Hansen T.F., Hove D.J, Jørgensen T., Fornitz G.G., Steffensen R., Jurlander B., Abdulla J., Lyngbæk S., Elming H., Therkelsen S.K., Abildgaard U., Jensen J.S., Gislason G., Køber L.V., Engstrøm T. Early Versus Standard Care Invasive Examination and Treatment of Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Circulation, 2018, vol. 138, no. 24, pp. 2741-2750. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037152.

De Backer O., Lønborg J., Helqvist S., Warnøe J., Kløvgaard L., Holmvang L., Pedersen F., Tilsted H.H., Raungaard B., Jørgensen E., Køber L., Høfsten D.E., Kelbæk H., Engs trøm T. Charac teris ation of le sions undergoing ischaemia- driven revascularisation af ter complete revascularisation versus culprit lesion only in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease: a DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI substudy. EuroIntervention, 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 172-179. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-18-00766.

Price M.J., Saito S., Shlofmitz R.A., Spriggs D.J., Attubato M., McLaurin B., Almonacid P.A., Brar S., Liu M., Moe E., Mehran R. First Report of the Resolute Onyx 2.0-mm Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent for the Treatment of Coronary Lesions With Very Small Reference Vessel Diameter. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2017, vol. 10, no. 14, pp. 1381-1388. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.05.004.

Wijeysundera H.C., Sidhu M.S., Bennell M.C., Qiu F., Ko D.T., Knudtson M.L., Tu J.V., Boden W.E. Predictors of Initial Revascularization Versus Medical Therapy Alone in Patients With Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing an Invasive Strategy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2016, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. e003592. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.003592.

Baktır A.O., Doğan Y., Şarlı B., Şahin Ö., Demirci E., Akpek M., Özkan E., Arınç H., Sağlam H. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the SYNTAX score in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Anatol J Cardiol, 2017, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 293-297. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.6977.

Iwańczyk S., Hiczkiewicz J., Araszkiewicz A., Łanocha M., Adamczak D., Faron W., Grajek S., Lesiak M. Evaluation of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in acute coronary syndrome: A two-center, one-year follow-up analysis. Cardiol J, 2018, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 479-486. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a 2017.0131.

Kobayashi Y., Lønborg J., Jong A., Nishi T., De Bruyne B., Høfsten D.E., Kelbæk H., Layland J., Nam C.W., Pijls N.H.J., Tonino P.A.L., Warnøe J., Oldroyd K.G., Berry C., Engstrøm T., Fearon W.F. ; DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI, FAME, and FAMOUS-NSTEMI Study Investigators. Prognostic Value of the Residual SYNTAX Score After Functionally Complete Revascularization in ACS. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 13211329. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.069.

Liakopoulos O.J., Schlachtenberger G., Wendt D., Choi Y.H., Slottosch I., Welp H., Schiller W., Martens S., Welz A., Neuhäuser M., Jakob H., Wahlers T., Thielmann M. Early Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Myocardial Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: A Report From the North-Rhine-Westphalia Surgical Myocardial Infarction Registry. J Am Heart Assoc, 2019, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. e012049. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012049.

Bueno H., de Graeff P., Richard-Lordereau I., Emmerich J., Fox K.A., Friedman C.P., Gaudin C., El-Gazayerly A., Goldman S., Hemmrich M., Henderson R.A., Himmelmann A., Irs A., Jackson N., James S.K., Katus H.A., Laslop A., Laws I., Mehran R., Ong S., Prasad K., Roffi M., Rosano G.M., Rose M., Sinnaeve P.R., Stough W.G., Thygesen K., Van de Werf F., Varin C., Verheugt F.W., de Los Angeles Alonso García M. Report of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table regulatory workshop update of the evaluation of new agents for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome: Executive summary. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 2016, Jun 29, pp. 2048872616649859.

Li Y.H., Wang Y.C., Wang Y.C., Liu J.C., Lee C.H., Chen C.C., Hsieh I.C., Kuo F.Y., Huang W.C., Sung S.H., Chiu C.Z., Hsu J.C., Jen S.L., Hwang J.J., Lin J.L. 2018 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology, Taiwan Society of Emergency Medicine and Taiwan Societ y of Cardiovascular Inter ventions for the management of non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Writing Group of 2018 Taiwan Guidelines for the Management of Non ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc, 2018, vol. 117, no. 9, pp. 766-790. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.06.002.

Jukema J.W., Lettino M., Widimský P., Danchin N., Bardaji A., Barrabes J.A., Cequier A., Claeys M.J., De Luca L., Dörler J., Erlinge D., Erne P., Goldstein P., Koul S.M., Lemesle G., Lüscher T.F., Matter C.M., Montalescot G., Radovanovic D., Lopez-Sendón J., Tousek P., Weidinger F., Weston C.F., Zaman A., Zeymer U.; PIRAEUS group. Contemporary registries on P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndromes in Europe: overview and methodological considerations. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother, 2015, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 232-44. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvv024.

Valgimigli M., Bueno H., Byrne R.A., Collet J.-P., Costa F., Jeppsson A., Jüni P., Kastrati A., Kolh P., Mauri L., Montalescot G., Neumann F.-J., Petricevic M., Roffi M., Steg P.G., Windecker S., Zamorano J.L., Levine G.N. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2018, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 213-260. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419.

Cui M., Tu C.C., Chen E.Z., Wang X.L., Tan S.C., Chen C. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Clopidogrel for Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome in China. Adv Ther, 2016, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1600-1611. doi: 10.1007/s12325-016-0375-9.

Schüpke S., Neumann F.J., Menichelli M., Mayer K., Bernlochner I., Wöhrle J., Richardt G., Liebetrau C., Witzenbichler B., Antoniucci D., Akin I., Bott-Flügel L., Fischer M., Landmesser U., Katus H.A., Sibbing D., Seyfarth M., Janisch M., Boncompagni D., Hilz R., Rottbauer W., Okrojek R., Möllmann H., Hochholzer W., Migliorini A., Cassese S., Mollo P., Xhepa E., Kufner S., Strehle A., Leggewie S., Allali A., Ndrepepa G., Schühlen H., Angiolillo D.J., Hamm C.W., Hapfelmeier A., Tölg R., Trenk D., Schunkert H., Laugwitz K.L., Kastrati A. ; ISAR-REACT 5 Trial Investigators. Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med, 2019, vol. 381, no. 16, pp. 1524-1534. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908973.

Silvain J., Rakowski T., Lattuca B., Liu Z., Bolognese L., Goldstein P., Hamm C., Tanguay J.F., Ten Berg J., Widimsky P., Miller D., Portal J.J., Collet J.P., Vicaut E., Montalescot G., Dudek D.; ACCOAST Investigators. Interval From Initiation of Prasugrel to Coronary Angiography in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 906-914. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.055.

Mitkovskaya N.P., Abelskaya I.S., Zhuravkov M.A., Galizkaya S.S., Statkevich T.V., Postoyalko A.S., Medvedev D.G., Bosyakov S.M., Yablonskiy O.L. Prognozi-rovanie rezidiviruyuschich koronarnych sobytiy u pazientov s OKSs pod’-emom segmenta ST posle effektivnoy endovaskulyarnoy reperfuzii [Prediction of recurrent coronary events in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome after ef fective endovascular reperfusion]. Kardiologiya v Belarusi, 2016, no. 1(44), pp. 32-44. (in Russian).

Slíva J., Charalambous C., Bultas J., Karetová D. A new strategy for the treatment of atherothrombosis - inhibition of inflammation. Physiol Res, 2019, vol. 68, suppl 1, pp. S17-S30. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934327.

Bonaca M.P., Nault P., Giugliano R.P., Keech A.C., Pineda A.L., Kanevsky E., Kuder J., Murphy S.A., Jukema J.W., Lewis B.S., Tokgozoglu L., Somaratne R., Sever P.S., Pedersen T.R., Sabatine M.S. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering With Evolocumab and Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the FOURIER Trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk). Circulation, 2018, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 338-350. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032235.

Japaridze L., Sadunishvili M. The short-term effect of atorvastatin plus ezetimibe therapy versus atorvastatin monotherapy on clinical outcome in acute coronary syndrome patients by gender. Kardiol Pol, 2017, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 770-778. doi: 10.5603/KP.a2017.0074.

Giugliano R.P., Pedersen T.R., Park J.G., De Ferrari G.M., Gaciong Z.A., Ceska R., Toth K., Gouni-Berthold I., Lopez-Miranda J., Schiele F., Mach F., Ott B.R., Kanevsky E., Pineda A.L., Somaratne R., Wasserman S.M., Keech A.C., Sever P.S., Sabatine M.S.; FOURIER Investigators. Clinical ef ficacy and safety of achieving ver y low LDL-cholesterol concentrations with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab: a prespecified secondary analysis of the FOURIER trial. Lancet, 2017, vol. 390, no. 10106, pp. 1962-1971. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32290-0.

Karpov Yu.A. Ingibitory PCSK9 v uluchshenii prognoza u pazientov posle ostrogo koronarnogo sindroma: dannye issledovaniya ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. Razional’naya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii, 2018, no. 14(6), pp. 922-934. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018- 14-6-922-934. (in Russian).

Schwartz G.G., Ballantyne C.M., Barter P.J., Kallend D., Leiter L.A., Leitersdorf E., McMurray J.J.V., Nicholls S.J., Olsson A.G., Shah P.K., Tardif J.C., Kittelson J. Association of Lipoprotein(a) With Risk of Recurrent Ischemic Events Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: Analysis of the dal-Outcomes Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol, 2018, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 164-168. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.3833.

Pavasini R., Camici P.G., Crea F., Danchin N., Fox K. Manolis A.J., Marzilli M., Rosano G.M.C., Lopez-Sendon J.L., Pinto F., Balla C., Ferrari R. Anti-anginal drugs: Systematic review and clinical implications. Int J Cardiol, 2019, vol. 283, pp. 55-63.

Qiang F., Seedahmed S.M., Jiayong Y., Hui L. An Investigation on the Effect of E x tremely Low Frequenc y Pulsed Elec tromagnetic Fields on Human Electrocardiograms (ECGs). Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. E1171. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111171.

Elmas O. Effects of electromagnetic field exposure on the heart: a systematic review. Toxicol Ind Health, 2016, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 76-82. doi: 10.1177/0748233713498444.

Elshiwi A.M., Hamada H.A., Mosaad D., Ragab I.M.A., Koura G.M., Alrawaili S.M. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on nonspecific low back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial. Toxicol Ind Health, 2016, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 76-82. doi: 10.1177/0748233713498444.

Hannemann P., Göttgens K.W., van Wely B.J., Kolkman K.A., Werre A.J., Poeze M., Brink P.R. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the treatment of fresh scaphoid fractures. A multicenter, prospective, double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2011, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 90. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-90.

Adravanti P., Nicoletti S., Setti S., Ampollini A., de Girolamo L. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Int Orthop, 2014, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 397-403. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2216-7.

Moretti B., Notarnicola A., Moretti L., Setti S., De Terlizzi F., Pesce1 V., Patella V. I–ONE therapy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized and controlled study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2012, vol. 6, no. 13, pp. 88. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-88.

Mitkovskaya N.P. Metody ekstrakorporal’noy korrekzii gomeostaza i intensivnoy medikamentoznoy terapii sistemnych zabolevaniy soedini-tel’noy tkani [Methods of extracorporeal correction of homeostasis and intensive drug therapy of systemic diseases of the connective tissue]. Izd. 2-e pererab. i dop. Minsk, 2004. 260 s. (in Russian).

Kirkovsky V., Mansurov V., Mitkovskaya N., Moukharskaya J. Biological physics aspects of rheological properties of blood after the influence of low-frequency magnetic field. 4th International Conference on Biological Physics. Kyoto, Japan, 2001, pp. 88.

Golyshko V.S., Snezhizkiy V.A. Vliyanie ekstrakorporal’noy autogemomagnitoterapii na dinamiku zitokinov v kompleksnom lechenii ostrogo infarkta miokarda [The influence of extracorporeal autohemomagnetotherapy on the dynamics of cytokines in complex treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. Zhurnal Grodnenskogo gosudarstvennogo medizinskogo universiteta, 2012, no. 4(40), pp. 39-41. (in Russian).

Laskina O.V., Kirkovskiy V.V., Levin V.I., Mitkovskaya N.P. Ekstrakorporalnaya autogemomagnitoterapiya v kompleksnom lechenii pazientov s ostrym koronarnym sindromom bez podema segmenta ST [Extracorporeal autohemomagnetotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation]. Kardiologiya v Belarusi, 2017, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 497-499. (in Russian).

Hamblin M.R. Ultraviolet Irradiation of Blood: “The Cure That Time Forgot”? Adv Exp Med Biol, 2017, vol. 996, pp. 295-309. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_25.

Wu X., Hu X., Hamblin M.R. Ultraviolet blood irradiation: Is it time to remember “the cure that time forgot”? J Photochem Photobiol B, 2016, vol. 157, pp. 89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.007.

Zalesckaya G.A., Laskina O.V. Regulyatornoe vliyanie nizkointensivnogo opti-cheskogo izlucheniya na oksigenaziyu obluchaemoy krovi i metabolicheskie pro-zessy [Regulatory Effect of Low-Intensity Optical Radiation on Oxygenation of Blood Irradiated In Vivo and Metabolic Processes]. Zhurnal prikladnoy spektroskopii, 2016, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 81-88. (in Russian).

100

Lattuca B., Kerneis M., Zeitouni M., Cayla G., Guedeney P., Collet J.P., Montalescot G., Silvain J. Elderly Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Patient-Centered Approach. Drugs Aging, 2019, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 531-539. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00663-y.

101

Usta C., Bedel A. Update on pharmacological treatment of acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly. J Geriatr Cardiol, 2017, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 457-464. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.07.005.

102

Fanaroff A.C., Roe M.T., Clare R.M., Lokhnygina Y., Navar A.M., Giugliano R.P., Wiviott S.D., Tershakovec A.M., Braunwald E., Blazing M.A. Competing Risks of Cardiovascular Versus Noncardiovascular Death During Long-Term Follow-Up After Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Heart Assoc, 2017, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. e005840. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005840.

103

Del Castillo S.V., Ladislao A.A., Sánchez G.V., Onaindia Gandarias J.J., de Bobadilla C.F.Á., Sánchez R.I., Zaldumbide L.E. Influence of Cardiovascular Risk in the Prediction and Timing of Cardiac Events After Exercise Echocardiogram Testing Without Ischemia. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 2017, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 736-743. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.11.040.

104

Kuzmina, N.M., Maksimov, N.I. High-technological medical aid in acute coronary syndrome in the Udmurt Republic. Avicenna Bull., 2017, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 37-41.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.