emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2021.5.2.1265emcardio-155Research ArticleМастер-классMaster-classДислипидемия у реципиентов трансплантата печениDyslipidemia in liver transplant recipientsГригоренкоЕ. А.GrigorenkoE.ШалимоваА. С.ShalimovaA.РуммоО. О.RummoO.МитьковскаяН. П.MitkovskayaN.«Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarusian State Medical University«Минский научно-практический центр хирургии, трансплантологии и гематологии»Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantation and Hematology«Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»Republican Scientific and Practical Center “Cardiology"202124102025521265–1269Copyright © Григоренко Е.А., Шалимова А.С., Руммо О.О., Митьковская Н.П., 20252025Григоренко Е.А., Шалимова А.С., Руммо О.О., Митьковская Н.П.Grigorenko E., Shalimova A., Rummo O., Mitkovskaya N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/155

Трансплантация печени является единственным радикальным методом лечения пациентов с хроническими терминальными заболеваниями печени. Известно, что среди причин поздней смертности у пациентов, перенесших трансплантацию печени, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания занимают третье место. Благодаря нынешней общепринятой политике агрессивного лечения гиперхолестеринемии, в общей популяции удалось значимо снизить смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Терапия статинами также продемонстрировала снижение смертности у пациентов с хронической печеночной недостаточностью. Опубликованные в открытой печати результаты научных исследований, проведенных в последние годы, свидетельствуют об увеличении у реципиентов трансплантата печени частоты выявления хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, в том числе нозологий, определяющих сердечно-сосудистую смертность (артериальной гипертензии, ишемической болезни сердца, хронической сердечной недостаточности, хронической болезни почек). Это обосновывает выводы о том, что в послеоперационном периоде следует прилагать усилия к выявлению у пациентов не только традиционных факторов риска острого отторжения трансплантата, но и факторов кардиоваскулярного риска для своевременной их коррекции. Опираясь на данные о ряде отличий в частоте встречаемости факторов кардиоваскулярного риска, об особенностях верификации и лечения хронической ишемической болезни сердца у реципиентов трансплантата печени в сравнении с общей популяцией, полагаем, что в трансплантационных центрах необходима разработка специализированного алгоритма диспансерного наблюдения реципиентов (чек-листа) для адекватной профилактики болезней системы кровообращения.

Liver transplant is known to be the only radical treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases. It is known that cardiovascular diseases rank third among patients, who underwent liver transplant. Due to the current generally accepted policy of aggressive treatment of hypercholesterolemia, mortality from cardiovascular diseases has been significantly reduced in general population. Statin therapy has also demonstrated a decreasing effect on mortality among patients with chronic liver failure. Recently published research results have shown the increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases among liver recipients, including diseases that determine cardiovascular mortality (arterial hypertension, chronic coronary syndrome, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney failure). This evidence demonstrates that in post-operative period doctors should do their best to identify not only traditional risk factors of acute transplant rejection, but also pay attention to cardiovascular risks and their timely treatment. Based on the data about a number of differences in the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and on the specifics of confirmation and treatment of chronic coronary heart disease in liver transplant recipients in comparison with the general population, we believe that in transplant centers it is necessary to develop a specialized algorithm of dispensary follow-up of recipients (checklist) for adequate prevention of diseases of the circulatory system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.