emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2025.9.1.2515emcardio-130Research ArticleОбзоры и лекцииReviews and lecturesФармакогенетика – молекулярные основы эффективной и безопасной лекарственной терапииPharmacogenetics – molecular basis for effective and safe drug therapyКостюкС. А.KostiukS. A.

Минск

Minsk

s.kostiuk@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной и клинической медицины УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University2025110920259125152523Copyright © Костюк С.А., 20252025Костюк С.А.Kostiuk S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/130

Сфармакогенетических феноменах, определяющих индивидуальные реакции на лекарственные средства в зависимости от наследственно детерминированных особенностей биотрансформации, взаимодействия с рецепторными образованиями, ферментными системами, практических возможностях прогноза индивидуальных эффектов. Механизмы взаимодействия лекарства с организмом человека, генетически обусловленные индивидуальные различия в эффектах лекарственных средств следует рассматривать как очередную закономерность, поскольку все фармакодинамические процессы, фармакокинетика и метаболизм лекарств опосредованы белковыми образованиями, рецепторами, сопряженными с ними ионными каналами, переносчиками, ферментами синтеза и метаболизма эндогенных лигандов рецепторов, различного рода модуляторами, включая пептидные, ферментами, метаболизирующими лекарства. Эти механизмы ДНК-зависимые, что определяет их индивидуальность, таким образом, ответ на действие лекарственного средства определяет совокупность генетических и внешних средовых факторов, но при этом приобретенные свойства модифицируют генетически зависимые механизмы. Выяснение роли генетических и средовых факторов для каждого пациента требуется проводить индивидуально. Важно знать наследственные механизмы формирования индивидуальных реакций на лекарственные средства.

Тhe article provides information on a new branch of science – pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenetic phenomena that determine individual reactions to drugs depending on hereditarily determined features of biotransformation, interaction with receptor formations, enzyme systems, and practical possibilities for predicting individual effects. Mechanisms of drug interaction with the human body, genetically determined individual differences in drug effects should be considered as a regular pattern, since all  pharmacodynamic processes, pharmacokinetics, and drug metabolism are mediated by protein formations, receptors, ion channels associated with them, carriers, enzymes of synthesis and metabolism of endogenous receptor ligands, various modulators, including peptide ones, and enzymes that metabolize drugs. These mechanisms are DNA-dependent, which determines their individuality, thus the response to the action of a drug is determined by a combination of genetic and external environmental factors, but at the same time, acquired properties modify genetically dependent mechanisms. The role of genetic and environmental factors for each patient must be determined individually. It is important to know the hereditary mechanisms of formation of individual reactions to drugs.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.