emcardioНеотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные рискиEmergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal2616-633XБелорусский государственный медицинский университет10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.1.2073emcardio-13Research ArticleМастер-классMaster-classПрофилактика венозных тромбозов в хирургической практикеPrevention of venous thrombosis in surgical practiceРомановаИ. С.RomanovaI.

Минск

Minsk

irina.romanova@tut.byКожановаИ. Н.KozhanovaI.

Минск

Minsk

КардашО. Ф.KardashO.

Минск

Minsk

МацкевичС. А.MackevichS.

Минск

Minsk

СиренкоВ. В.SirenkoV.

Минск

Minsk

ХрыщановичВ. Я.HryshchanovichV.

Минск

Minsk

КлимчукН. В.KlimchukN.

Минск

Minsk

КулешовН. В.KuleshovN.

Минск

Minsk

КозичИ. А.KozichI.

Минск

Minsk

ПичугинаА. А.PichuginaA.

Минск

Minsk

СмирноваИ. В.SmirnovaI.

Минск

Minsk

ЧакТ. А.ChakT.

Минск

Minsk

КоролеваА. А.KorolevaА.

Минск

Minsk

Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»Belarussian State Medical UniversityГосударственное учреждение здравоохранения «4-я городская клиническая больница им. Н. Е. Савченко»4<sup>th</sup> City Clinical Hospital named after M. Saŭčanka2024180620258120732085Copyright &#x00A9; Романова И.С., Кожанова И.Н., Кардаш О.Ф., Мацкевич С.А., Сиренко В.В., Хрыщанович В.Я., Климчук Н.В., Кулешов Н.В., Козич И.А., Пичугина А.А., Смирнова И.В., Чак Т.А., Королева А.А., 20252025Романова И.С., Кожанова И.Н., Кардаш О.Ф., Мацкевич С.А., Сиренко В.В., Хрыщанович В.Я., Климчук Н.В., Кулешов Н.В., Козич И.А., Пичугина А.А., Смирнова И.В., Чак Т.А., Королева А.А.Romanova I., Kozhanova I., Kardash O., Mackevich S., Sirenko V., Hryshchanovich V., Klimchuk N., Kuleshov N., Kozich I., Pichugina A., Smirnova I., Chak T., Koroleva А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/13

   В настоящее время артериальные и венозные тромбозы являются одними из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности. Антикоагулянтная терапия относится к одному из наиболее востребованных в практической медицине подходов в лечении и профилактике тромботических состояний. В статье представлены наиболее часто применяемые в клинической практике антикоагулянты прямого действия и их сравнительная клинико-фармакологическая характеристика. Приведены основные положения рекомендаций по медицинской профилактике венозных тромбозов с учетом характера хирургических мероприятий и факторов риска пациента. Приведены особенности использования низкомолекулярных гепаринов и нефракционированного гепарина на фоне проведения регионарной анестезии. Представлены алгоритмы прерывания антитромботической терапии при плановых и неотложных оперативных вмешательствах.

   Currently, arterial and venous thrombosis are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulant therapy is one of the most popular approaches in practical medicine in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic conditions. The article presents the most commonly used direct-acting anticoagulants in clinical practice and their comparative clinical and pharmacological characteristics. The main recommendations for medical prevention of venous thrombosis are provided, taking into account the nature of surgical procedures and patient risk factors. The features of the use of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin against the background of regional anesthesia are given. Algorithms for interrupting antithrombotic therapy during planned and emergency surgical interventions are presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.