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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">emcardio</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2616-633X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51922/2616-633X.2024.8.1.2063</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">emcardio-12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Мастер-класс</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Master-class</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микроциркуляция (часть 2): «Функциональные обязанности» системы микроциркуляции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microcirculation (part 2): «Functional responsibilities» of microcirculation system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапаева</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapaeva</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ntsapaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цапаев</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsapaev</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>2063</fpage><lpage>2072</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цапаева Н.Л., Цапаев В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цапаева Н.Л., Цапаев В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsapaeva N.L., Tsapaev V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/12">https://emcardio.bsmu.by/jour/article/view/12</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье представлены современные взгляды на основные функции микроциркуляции. В этом аспекте рассматриваются две ключевые позиции: магистральное движение крови по микроциркуляторным сосудам и транскапиллярный обмен жидкости между сосудистым и интерстициальным компартментами.</p><p>   Целью магистрального микроциркуляторного кровотока является, прежде всего, обеспечение окружающих клеток кислородом, которое осуществляется артериолярной диффузией кислорода, а также удаление из межклеточного пространства углекислого газа и других продуктов метаболизма.</p><p>   Описана особенность капиллярного кровотока, обусловленная колебаниями скорости, что связано с изменениями деформируемости лейкоцитов и их адгезивных свойств под влиянием различных регуляторных факторов. Отмечена важная характеристика системы микроциркуляции – состояние микрогемореологии, которое зависит от градиента давления, гематокрита и способности эритроцитов к деформации. Рассматривается принцип обмена жидкости между капиллярами и тканевыми пространствами в виде обновленной версии уравнения Starling – Landis и распределения давления в микроциркуляторном компартменте различных сегментов капилляров. Представлены современные взгляды на транспорт кислорода, осуществляющийся сложным интактным каскадом. Подробно описаны основные регуляторные механизмы в системе микроциркуляции, включающие три механизма возникновения гиперполяризации эндотелиальных клеток и вазодилатации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The article presents modern views on the main functions of microcirculation. In this aspect, two key positions are considered: the main blood flow through the microcirculatory vessels and the transcapillary exchange of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments.</p><p>   The purpose of the main microcirculatory blood flow is, first of all, to provide surrounding cells with oxygen, which is carried out by arteriolar diffusion of oxygen, as well as to remove carbondioxide and other metabolic products from the intercellular space.</p><p>   We describe a feature of capillary blood flow caused by speed fluctuations, which is associated with some changes in the deformability of leukocytes and their adhesive properties under the influence of various regulatory factors. An important characteristic of the microcirculation system is highlighted, which is the state of microhemorrheology, it depending on the pressure gradient, hematocrit and the ability of red blood cells to deform. The principle of fluid exchange between capillaries and tissue spaces is considered in the form of an updated version of the Starling–Landis equation and pressure distribution in the microcirculatory compartment of various capillary segments. Modern views on oxygen transport carried out by a complex intact cascade are presented. The main regulatory mechanisms in the microcirculation system are described in detail, including the three occurrence mechanisms of hyperpolarization of endothelial cells and vasodilation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляторный магистральный кровоток</kwd><kwd>транскапиллярный обмен жидкости между сосудистым и интерстициальным компартментами</kwd><kwd>микрогемореология</kwd><kwd>транспорт кислорода</kwd><kwd>регуляция кровотока в системе микроциркуляции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>main microcirculatory blood flow</kwd><kwd>transcapillary fluid exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartments</kwd><kwd>microhemorrheology</kwd><kwd>oxygen transport</kwd><kwd>regulation of blood flow in the microcirculation system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guven G., Matthias P.H. 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