Н.А. Мартусевич, Е.В. Гудкевич, А.Э. Мурзич
Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет», Учреждение здравоохранения «6-я городская клиническая больница г. Минска», Государственное учреждение «РНПЦ травматологии и ортопедии»
Асептический некроз представляет собой заболевание, которое встречается в основном среди мужчин трудоспособного возраста. Актуальность его обусловлена высокой инвалидизацией, связанной с поражением в большинстве случаев тазобедренного сустава, высокой частотой двустороннего вовлечения суставов и исходом во вторичный остеоартрит. Целью данного обзора является анализ и обсуждение различных патофизиологических механизмов развития асептического некроза как с позиции метаболического синдрома, так и костного обмена. Асептический некроз возникает вследствие значительного снижения кровотока в участке костной ткани, что реализуется за счет двух основных моментов: а) окклюзии просвета сосудов тромбом, эмболом, спазмом либо б) компрессии сосудов вследствие повышения внутрикостного давления. Особое внимание в данном обзоре уделено звеньям патогенеза метаболического синдрома, при котором могут реализоваться оба вышеописанных механизма развития асептического некроза. На возникновение асептического некроза при метаболическом синдроме влияют эндотелиальная дисфункция, дислипидемия, повышение внутрикостного давления, развитие остеопороза. Cвязь костного метаболизма и сосудистой патологии может быть реализована с помощью системы OPG/RANK/RANKL, что несомненно представляет интерес для понимания патогенеза асептического некроза.
ключевые слова: асептический некроз, метаболический синдром, эндотелиальная дисфункция, атеросклероз, метаболизм костной ткани, остеопротегерин

для цитирования: Н.А. Мартусевич, Е.В. Гудкевич, А.Э. Мурзич. Роль сосудистых и метаболических факторов в патогенезе нетравматического асептического некроза костной ткани. Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски. 2018, Т. 2. № 2. С. 427-431

The role of vascular and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of nontraumatic avascular necrosis of bone tissue
N.A. Martusevich, E.V. Gudkevich, A.E. Murzich
Avascular necrosis of bone is a disease affecting predominantly men of working age. It steadily progresses to secondary osteoarthritis. The rate of disability is high because hip joint is most commonly affected by avascular necrosis; moreover, the rate of bilateral hip joint involvement is also high. The aim of the present review is to analyze and discuss several pathophysiological mechanisms of avascular necrosis in the context of metabolic syndrome and bone turnover. Avascular necrosis occurs due to critically decreased blood flow to the bone, which results from a) vascular occlusion with local thrombi, emboli, vasospasm or b) extrinsic compression of intraosseous vessels due to increased pressure within the bone. It is important to discuss the components of metabolic syndrome pathogenesis, which may possibly lead to avascular necrosis due to both aforementioned mechanisms. Particularly, in patients with metabolic syndrome avascular necrosis may be caused by endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, increased intraosseous pressure and development of osteoporosis. The recent findings demonstrate that in avascular necrosis there is a possible interaction between bone turnover and vascular pathology, which occurs through OPG/RANK/RANKL axis. This fact represents a new concept of understanding avascular necrosis pathways.
keywords: avascular necrosis of the bone, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, bone turnover, osteoprotegerin

for references: N.A. Martusevich, E.V. Gudkevich, A.E. Murzich. The Role of Vascular and Metabolic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Nontraumatic Avascular Necrosis of Bone Tissue. Emergency Cardiology and CardiovascularRisks. 2018, vol. 2, № 2, pp. 427-431

[1] Kaushik A.P., Das A., Cui Q. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: An update in year 2012. World J Orthop. 2012, vol. 3, № 5, pp. 49-57. doi: 10.5312/ wjo.v3.i5.49.
[2] Calori G.M., Mazza E., Colombo A., Mazzola S., Colombo M. Core decompression and biotechnologies in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. EFORTOpen Rev. 2017, vol. 2, № 2, pp. 41-50.
[3] Hungerford D.S., Jones L.C. Asym ptomatic osteonecrosis: should it be treated? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, № 429, pp. 124-130.
[4] Mont M.A., Hungerford D.S. Non-traumatic avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1995, vol. 77, № 3, pp. 459-474.
[5] Arbab D., Konig D.P. Atraumatic Femoral Head Necrosis in Adults. Dtsch Arztebllnt, 2016, vol. 113, №3, pp. 31-38. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0031.
[6] Fukushima W., Fujioka M., Kubo T., Tamakoshi A., Nagai M., Hirota Y. Nationwide Epidem iologic Survey of Idiopathic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2010, vol. 468, № 10, pp. 2715­2724.
[7] Kang J.S., Park S., Song J.H., Jung Y.Y., Cho M.R., Rhyu K.H. Prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A nationwide epidemiologic analysis in Korea. J Arthroplasty, 2009, vol. 24, №. 8, pp. 1178-1183.
[8] Malizos K.N., Karantanas A.H., Varitimidis S.E., Dailiana Z.H., Bargiotas K., Maris T. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: etiology, imaging and treatment. Eur J Radiol, 2007, vol. 63, № 1, pp. 16-28.
[9] Aldridge J.M. 3rd, Urbaniak J.R. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: etiology, pathophysiology, classification, and current guidelines. Am J Orthop (Belle MeadNJ), 2004, vol. 33, № 7, pp. 327-332.
[10] Mankin H.J. Non-traumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis). N Engl J Med, 1992, vol. 326, № 22, pp. 1473-1479.
[11] Kim S.-Y., Rubash H.E. Avascular necrosis o f the femoral head: the Korean experience. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, vol. 2 pp. 1078-1086.
[12] Seamon J., Keller T., Saleh J., Cui Q. The pathogenesis of nontraumatic osteonecrosis. Arthritis, 2012, 601763. doi: 10.1155/2012/601763.
[13] Jones J.P. Fat embolism, intravascular coagulation, and osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1993, № 292, pp. 294-308.
[14] Jones, J.P.Jr. Coagulopathies and osteonecrosis. Acta Orthop Belg, 1999, vol. 65. Suppl 1, pp. 5-8.
[15] Hungerford D.S., Lennox D.W. The importance of increased intraosseus pressure in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: implications for treatment. Orthop Clin North Am, 1985, vol. 16, № 4, pp. 635-654.
[16] Wang Y., Li Y., Mao K., Li J., Cui Q., Wang G.J. Alcohol-induced adipoge- nesis in bone and marrow: a possible mechanism for osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2003, № 410, pp. 213-224.
[17] Wang G.J., Sweet D.E., Reger S.I., Thompson R.C. Fat-cell changes as a mechanism of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in cortisone-treated rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1977, vol. 59, № 6, pp. 729-735.
[18] Miyanishi K., Yamamoto T., Irisa T., Yamashita A., Jingushi S., Noguchi Y., Iwamoto Y. Bone marrow fat cell enlargement and a rise in intraosseus pressure in steroid-treated rabbits with osteonecrosis. Bone, 2002, vol. 30, № 1, pp. 185-190.
[19] Ficat P., Arlet J. Pathogenies des osteonecrosis. Paris: Masson, 1977, pp. 91-96.
[20] Laroche M. Intraosseus circulation from physiology to disease. Joint Bone Spine, 2002, vol. 69, № 3, pp. 262-269.
[21] Huang P.L. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech, 2009, vol. 2, № 5-6, pp. 231-237. doi: 10.1242/dmm.001180.
[22] Deedwania P.C. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep. 2003, vol. 3, № 4, pp. 289-292.
[23] Polovina M.M., Potpara T.S. Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic and vascular disorders. Postgrad Med, 2014, vol. 126, № 2, pp. 38-53.
[24] Rochette L., Meloux A., Rigal E., Zeller M., Cottin Y., Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: its potentially utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther, 2018, № 182, pp. 115-132. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015.
[25] Walsh M.C., Coy Y. Biology of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system in immunity, bone and beyond. Front Immunol, 2014, № 5, pp. 511. doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2014.00511.
[26] Vassale C., Mazzone A. Bone loss and vascular calcification: a bidi-rectional interplay. Vascul Pharmacol, 2016, № 86, pp. 77-86. doi: 10.1016/ j.vph.2016.07.003.
[27] Browner W.S., Lui L.Y., Cummings S.R. Associations of serum osteoprotegerin levels with diabetes, stroke, bone density, fractures, and mortality in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2001, vol. 86, № 2, pp. 631-637.
[28] Hofbauer L.C., Schoppet M. Osteoprotegerin gene polymorphism and the risk of osteoporosis and vascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002, vol. 87, № 9, pp. 4078-4079.
[29] Kiechl S., Werner P., Knoflach M., Furtner M., W illeit J., Schett G. The osteoprotegerin/RANK/RANKL system: a bone key to vascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2006, vol. 4, № 6, pp. 801-811.
[30] Sandberg W.J., Yndestad A., 0ie E., Smith C., Ueland T., Ovchinnikova 0., Robertson A.K., Muller F., Semb A.G., Scholz H., Andreassen A.K., Gullestad L , Damas J.K., Froland S.S., Hansson G.K., Halvorsen B., Aukrust P. Enhanced T-cell expression of RANK ligand in acute coronary syndrome: possible role in plaque destabilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2006, vol. 26, № 4, pp. 857-863.
[31] Crisafulli A., Micari A., Altavilla D., Saporito F., Sardella A., Passaniti M., Raffa S., D’anneo G., Luca F., Mioni C., Arrigo F., Squadrito F. Serum levels of osteoprotegerin and RANKL in patients with St elevation acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond), 2005, vol. 109, № 4, pp. 389-395.
[32] Guldiken B., Guldiken S., Turgut B., Turgut N., Demir M., Celik Y., Arikan E., Tugrul A. Serum osteoprotegerin levels in patients with acute atherothrom- botic stroke and lacunar infarct. Thromb Res, 2007, vol. 120, № 4, pp. 511-516.
[33] Hosbond S.E., Poulsen T.S., Diederichsen A.C., Nybo M., Rasmussen L.M., Mickley H. Osteoprotegerin as a marker of atherosclerosis: a systematic update. Scand Cardiovasc J 2012, vol. 46, № 4, pp. 2013-211.
[34] Floerkemeier T., Hirsch S., Budde S., Radtke K., Thorey F., Windhagen H., von Lewinski G. Bone turnover markers failed to predict the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a preliminary study. J Clin Lab Anal,2012, vol.26, № 2, pp. 55-60. doi: 10.1002/jcla.21482.
Формат файла: pdf (97.37 Кб)